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Newcastle railway station (or Newcastle Central Station) is the principal mainline railway station in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, North East England. Opened in 1850, it is a Grade I listed building and is located in the City Centre at the southern edge of Grainger Town and to the west of the Castle Keep. It is a nationally important transport hub, being both a terminus and through station serving the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh, the Durham Coast Line to Middlesbrough, and the Tyne Valley Line to Carlisle. It is also served by the adjoining Central Station on the Tyne and Wear Metro. As of June 2015, the station is managed by Virgin Trains East Coast. All Virgin Trains East Coast services between London and Edinburgh stop at Newcastle, with extensions to Southbound destinations run to London Kings Cross, York and Leeds. CrossCountry supplements services to Scotland, and operates trains southbound to the South West and south coast via Birmingham and the wider Midlands; trains reach as far as Penzance and Southampton. The station is also a terminus for First TransPennine Express, which connects Newcastle to Liverpool, via Leeds and Manchester, including some services to Manchester Airport. Northern Rail variously combines three routes out of Newcastle in order to provide both terminating and through services. To the west, trains connect the city to the MetroCentre, Hexham and Carlisle, with intermittent extensions to Whitehaven, and to the north, Cramlington and on the East Coast Main Line, with extensions to Chathill. To the south east, the Durham Coast Line serves , County Durham, and Teesside. Important stops include Hartlepool, Stockton and Middlesbrough, the line being shared with Tyne and Wear Metro services to Sunderland. In peak hours some services arrive from Teesside via the East Coast Main Line. Additionally, Northern and Abellio ScotRail jointly operate a limited service to Glasgow via Carlisle. There is furthermore pressure for the line to Ashington to reopen and be included in the next Northern franchise with regular services from Newcastle.〔http://www.senrug.co.uk/news/〕 The station is connected to Central Station on the Tyne and Wear Metro, which lies directly beneath the mainline concourse and is an interchange between the green and yellow lines, providing frequent services through central Newcastle to the Airport and Whitley Bay, and through Gateshead to South Shields and Sunderland. Together with many local bus routes, the complex is one of the most important transport hubs in the North East. There are currently two Metro and twelve mainline platforms accounting for 13 million passengers annually, and in lieu of increasing numbers the mainline station is currently undergoing an £8.6 million refurbishment to increase retail space and enhance the station environment including the pedestrianisation of the portico.〔http://eastcoast.presscentre.com/News/EXCITING-NEW-ERA-FOR-NEWCASTLE-CENTRAL-STATION-370.aspx〕 Nexus also began to refurbish the Metro station in 2015.〔http://www.nexus.org.uk/consultation/item/central-station-refurbishment〕〔http://www.nexus.org.uk/sites/default/files/Central%20refurbishment%2020x30%20poster_V3web.pdf〕 Passengers numbers for the mainline station alone currently stand at just under 8 million. ==Construction and opening== A scheme for a central station was proposed by Messrs Richard Grainger and Thomas Sopwith in 1836〔''A Proposal for Concentrating the Termini of the Newcastle & Carlisle, Great North of England & proposed Edinburgh Railways'' by Richard Grainger, 1836. A short pamphlet plus fold-out map. The original from which reference has been made is in the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers. It is reference Tracts vol 57 p200ff〕 but was not built. The station was designed by John Dobson for two companies: the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway (YN&BR) and the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway (N&CR). The YN&BR merged with other companies in 1854 to form the North Eastern Railway (NER), which later absorbed the N&CR in 1862. The station was constructed in collaboration with Robert Stephenson who was responsible for the High Level Bridge, between 1845 and 1850. The opening ceremony, attended by Queen Victoria, took place on 29 August 1850. Originally named ''Newcastle-on-Tyne Central'', the station name was simplified to ''Newcastle'' sometime between 1948 and 1953. The building has a neoclassical styled frontage, and its trainshed has a distinctive roof with three curved, arched spans — the first example of its kind, which set the 'house style' for the NER's subsequent main stations, culminating in the last major British example half a century later, the rebuilt and enlarged Hull Paragon in 1904. A porte-cochère, designed by Thomas Prosser, was added to the station entrance in 1863,〔http://www.ribaj.com/buildings/newcastle-central-station-by-ryder〕 and the trainshed was extended southwards in the 1890s with a new span designed by William Bell. An underground station for Tyne and Wear Metro trains was constructed during the late 1970s, and opened in 1981. Part of the porte-cochère was temporarily dismantled while excavation work took place. The metro station sees 5 million passengers a year and is the third busiest station on the system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Newcastle railway station」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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